Print-friendlyThis first part covers the millipedes that have been identified and described from Thai caves.
Cave millipedes in CM0208 Tham Luang Mae Sap, Chiang Mai
Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae
Eutrichodesmus cavernicola (Sinclair, 1901)
The two type localities are YA0007 Tham Mued (Gua Glap); Yala: Muang: Ban Na Tham: Wat Tham Khuha Pimak N06.528051° E101.226280° altitude.: 71 m and YA0040 Tham Gua Tanan; Yala: Muang
Sinclair (1901) "From Gua Glaf, dark region of cave, Bukit Grib, Raman District, and from Gua Tanan, Patani State."
Golovatch et al. (2009a) "described as Doratonotus cavernicola Sinclair, 1901 from Cave Gua Tanan, Raman District and Cave Gua Glap near Biserat, Patani River, Patani District, southern Thailand"
Eutrichodesmus gremialis (Hoffman, 1982)
The type locality is CM0174, an unnamed cave in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, but the co-ordinates in Enghoff (2005) place the cave at the edge of the hills to the east of Chiang Dao town.
Deharveng & Bedos (2000) record that the species has also recorded from CM0001 Tham Chiang Dao: Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao: Wat Tham Chiang Dao: Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary N19.393904° E098.927781° altitude: 460 m
Enghoff (2005) "Records from Thailand: cave at Chi Doi Chiang Dao NP (19°23' N, 98°59' E) (Hoffman 1982)"
Golovatch et al. (2009a) "the type species of Dyomerothrix Hoff man, 1982, described and still known only from “Chiang Dao caves” in northern Thailand (Hoff man 1982)"
Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae
Desmoxytes purpurosea Enghoff, Sutcharit & Panha, 2007
The type and only known locality is in the doline at UT0038 Tham Tham Hup Pa Tard: Uthai Thani: Lan Sak: Khao Pla Ra Non-hunting Area N15.375530° E099.630716° altitude: 115 m. It has not been recorded from underground.
Enghoff et al. (2007) " Hup Pa Tard, Tam Pratun Non-hunting area, Department of National Parks, Lansak district, Uthaithani province at 15° 22.602' N 99° 37.346' E,"
Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae
Tylopus bispinosus Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, Prateepasen & Panha, 2010
Although the type location is on the surface near Umphang, Tak, Likhitrakam et al. (2010) also recorded seven paratypes from TA 0016 Tham Takobi: Tak: Umphang: Ban Mae Khlong N16.052943° E098.821911° altitude: 545 m
Likhitrakam et al. (2010) "same Province, same District, Cave Ta Ko Bi, ca 530 m, 16°03'14"N, 98°49'14"E"
Tylopus perarmatus Hoffman, 1973
Likhitrakam et al. (2010) give some cave locations for this millipede which is widespread in northern Thailand:
LA0001 Tham Pha Thai: Lampang: Ngao: Ban Thak: Tham Pha Thai National Park N18.607292° E099.469964° altitude: 400 m
PA0001 Tham Pha Nang Khoi: Phrae: Rong Kwang: N18.371657° E100.351335° altitude: 260 m
Likhitrakam et al. (2010) " Lampang Province, Ngao District,Thum Pha Thai,... Phrae Province, Rong Kwang District, Tham Pha Nang Khoi, ca 280 m, 18°22'10"N, 100°21'12"E"
Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Polydesmidae
Polydesmus malaccanus Peters, 1864
Sinclair (1901) records the species from "From large cave, Bukit Jala, Jala District." This is probably one of the caves at Ban Na Tham, Muang, Yala.
Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae
Cambala calva Pocock, 1893
This is an old record of this species from YA0006 Tham Khuha Pimak: Yala: Muang: Ban Na Tham: Wat Tham Khuha Pimak N06.528417° E101.225215° altitude: 67 m
Sinclair (1901) " From Gua Gambar near Biserat, Jala District."
Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae
Plusioglyphiulus antiquior Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is KA0082 Tham Wang Badan: Kanchanaburi: Sai Yok: Sai Yok National Park N14.264180° E099.067658° altitude: 450 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov., Sai Yok Distr., Cave Tham Sai Yok Noi"
Plusioglyphiulus bessoni Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2009
The type and only known locality is NA0066 Tham Phra: Nan: Muang: Pha Sing: Tham Phu Tub Forest Park N18.849998° E100.739005° altitude: 330m
Golovatch et al. (2009b) "Thailand. Nan, 18.776°N, 100.783°E, Cave Tham Pha Tup (Tham Phra)"
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Nan Prov., Pha Singha Distr.,Pha Tub Cave Forest Park, Cave Tham Pha Tub"
Plusioglyphiulus erawan Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type locality is LP0012 Tham Erawan: Lamphun: Pa Sang; Nakhon Chedi; Ban Huai Fai N18.327287° E098.871538° altitude: 545 m
The species was also been identified from:-
LP0013 Tham Thip Nimit Ra: Lamphun; Pa Sang; Ban Huai Fai; Doi Hua Mot N18.355492° E098.879752° altitude: 481 m
LP0001 Tham Luang Pha Wiang: Lamphun: Ban Hong; Pha Phlu; Ban Wang Luang
N18.218321° E098.872309°
Golovatch et al. (2011)"Type locality: Thailand, Lamphun Prov., Pasang Distr., Cave Tham Erawan, 530 m a.s.l.,...same province and district, Cave Tham Tep Ni Mu, 470 m a.s.l.,... same province, Ban Hong Distr., Cave Tham Luang Ha Wiang, 400 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus jaydee Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is KA0068 Tham Kaeng Lawa: Kanchanaburi; Sai Yok; Wang Krachae; Sai Yok National Park N14.298976° E098.982457° altitude: 125 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov., Sai Yok Distr., Ban Nam Tok, Cave Tham Rawa"
Plusioglyphiulus likhitrakarni Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is SK0046 Tham Phet Po Thong: Sa Kaeo; Khlong Hat; Ban Khao Din N13.530559° E102.325558° altitude: 220 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Sa Kaew Prov., Khlong Hat Distr., Cave Tham Phet Po Tong, 13°24’47”N, 102°19’32”E, 220 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus panhai Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is PK0001 Tham Sai: Prachuap Khiri Khan: Kui Buri: Ban Khung Tanot; Sam Roi Yot National Park N12.180270° E100.008216° altitude: 70 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Phachuap Khiri Khan Prov., Sam Roi Yot Distr.,Cave Tham Sai near sea shore, 20 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus phra Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is PB0064 Tham Lab Lae: Phetchaburi; Tha Yang; Ban Nong Phlap; Tham Lap Lae Priest's Campsite N12.604038° E099.722537° altitude: 177 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Huai Hin Prov., Ban Hua Lap Distr., Cave Tham Mai Lap Lae"
Plusioglyphiulus pimvichaiae Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is NS0038 Tham Khuha Sopon: Nakhon Sawan; Tak Fa; Wat Tham Khuha Sopon N15.284315° E100.449262° altitude: 170 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Cha Nai Prov., Tak Fa Distr., Wat Khuhasophon,
Cave Tham Prasawan, 100 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus puttakun Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is KK0002 Tham Pha Phuang 2: Khon Kaen; Chum Phae; Phu Pha Phuang; Phu Pha Man National Park N16.833157° E101.992730° alt.: 350 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Loei Prov., near Phu Kradung, cave 1 km away from Cave Tham Phulu"
Plusioglyphiulus saksit Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is CH0002 Tham Ngoen 2: Chaiyaphum; Khon San; Ban Tham Ngoen N16.593236° E101.828856° altitude: 400 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Chaiyaphum Prov., Khon San Distr., Cave Tham Ngoem 2"
Plusioglyphiulus samakkee Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is RB0011 Tham Khao Bin: Ratchaburi; Muang; Hin Kong; Khao Bin N13.659459° E099.820158° altitude: 61 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Ratchaburi Prov., Cave Tham Kwa Bin (= Khao Bin)"
Plusioglyphiulus sutchariti Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is PA0001 Tham Pha Nang Khoi: Phrae: Rong Kwang: N18.371657° E100.351335° altitude: 260 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Phrae Prov., Rong Kuang Distr., Cave Tham Pha Nang Khoi, 230 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus tham Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is CH0012 Tham Kaeo: Chaiyaphum; Phakdi Chumphon; Ban Tham Keao; Tapo-Huai Yai Wildlife Sanctuary N15.974169° E101.410217° altitude: 355 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Chaiyaphum Prov., Phaedee Chumpon Distr.,Cave Tham Keo, 15°58’30”N, 101°24’40”E, 350 m a.s.l."
Plusioglyphiulus wat Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2011
The type and only known locality is RA0046 Tham Wat Bathun: Rayong; Klaeng; N12.866369° E101.797770° altitude: 80 m
Golovatch et al. (2011) "Thailand, Chantaburi Prov., Kao Cha Mao Distr., Wat Bathun, cave, 13°07’26”N, 101°35’51”E, 80 m a.s.l."
Trachyiulus nordquisti ambiguus Mauriès, 1983
This Thai endemic subspecies was described from KA0069 Tham Dao Daung: Kanchanaburi; Sai Yok; Sai Yok National Park N14.466356° E098.831028° altitude: 252 m
Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae
Thyropygus enghoffi (Demange, 1989)
The type locality is on the surface near PH0006 Tham Phung Chang: Phang Nga: Muang: Wat Praphat Prachimkhet N08.442838° E098.515136° altitude: 15 m. As well as several other surface locations the millipede has also been recorded from PH0053 Tham Nam Phut: Phang Nga: Muang N08.464759 E098.541273° altitude: 15 m
Pimvichai et al. (2009b): "THAILAND, Phang Nga Province, Poung-chang cave, 8° 31΄ 40˝ N, 98° 29΄ 58˝ THAILAND, Phang Nga Province, Mueang district, Nam Pud cave, 8° 27΄ 47˝ N, 98° 32΄ 30˝ E."
Thyropygus opinatus (Karsch, 1881)
Although recorded from several karst locations the only cave record is from PB0052 Tham Khao Na Kwang: Phetchaburi: Cha-am: Na Yang: Samnak Song Tham Khao Na Kwang N12.856001° E099.941997°
Pimvichai et al. (2009b): "THAILAND, Petchaburi Province, Cha-Um district, at Nakwang
cave, 12° 51΄ 26˝ N, 99° 56΄ 29˝"
Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Sinocallipodidea
Sinocallipus thai Stoev, Enghoff, Panha & Fuangarworn, 2007
The type locality is SB0011 Tham Sri Wilai: Saraburi: Chaloem Phra Kiat: Ban Na Phra Lan: Wat Tham Sri Wilai N14.710576 E100.879480° altitude: 44 m, but the species was collected on the surface, not underground.
Stoev et al. (2007) " Thailand, Saraburi Province, Muang District, Sriwilai Cave Temple, 14°41’40’’N, 100°54’34’’E, 44 m a.s.l."
Note all co-ordinates are on the WGS 1984 datum.
References:
- DEHARVENG, LOUIS; BEDOS, ANNE (2000) "The Cave Fauna of Southeast Asia. Origin, Evolution and Ecology" in WILKENS, H.; CULVER, D.C.; HUMPHREYS W.F. (eds.) "Ecosystems of the World Vol. 30: Subterranean Ecosystems" Elsevier Sciences B.V. ISBN 0 444 82299 2 pp603-632
- DEMANGE, J.M. (1989) "Sur quelques Harpagophoridae du Sud-Est asiatique et de l’Inde (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Spirostreptoidea)" Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e séries Vol. 11 section A pp773–781
- ENGHOFF, HENRIK (2005) "The Millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda)" Steenstrupia Vol. 29 No. 1 pp87-103
- ENGHOFF, HENRIK; SUTCHARIT, CHIRASAK; PANHA, SOMSAK (2007) "The Shocking Pink Dragon Millipede, Desmoxytes purpurosea, A Colourful New Species From Thailand (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatida)" Zootaxa No. 1563 pp31-36
- GOLOVATCH, SERGEI I; GEOFFROY, JEAN-JACQUES; MAURIÉS, JEAN-PAUL; SPIEGEL, DIDIER VAN DEN (2009a) "Review of the millipede family Haplodesmidae Cook, 1895, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)" ZooKeys Vol. 7 pp1-53
- GOLOVATCH, SERGEI I; GEOFFROY, JEAN-JACQUES; MAURIÉS, JEAN-PAUL; SPIEGEL, DIDIER VAN DEN (2009b) "Review of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae)" Zoosystema Vol. 31 No. 1 pp71-116
- GOLOVATCH, SERGEI I; GEOFFROY, JEAN-JACQUES; MAURIÉS, JEAN-PAUL; SPIEGEL, DIDIER VAN DEN (2011) "The millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923 in Thailand (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae)" Zootaxa Monograph 2940 63pp
- HOFFMAN, R.L. (1982) "A New Genus and Species of Doratodesmid Millipede from Thailand" Archives de Science, Genève Vol. 35 pp87-93
- LIKHITRAKARN, NATDANAI; GOLOVATCH, SERHEI I.; PRATEEPASEN, RUJIPORN; PANHA, SOMSAK (2010) "Review of the genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968, with Descriptions of Five New Species from Thailand (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)" ZooKeys 72 pp23-68
- MAURIÈS, J.-P. (1983) "Cambalides Nouveaux et Peu Connues d'Asie, D'Amérique et d'Océeanie. I. Cambalidae et Cambalopsidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)" Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 4th Series Vol. 5 Section A, pp247-276
- PIMVICHAI, PIYATIDA; ENGHOFF, HENRIK; PANHA, SOMSAK (2009a) "A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 1: the T. opinatus subgroup (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)" Zootaxa No. 2016 pp17-50
- PIMVICHAI, PIYATIDA; ENGHOFF, HENRIK; PANHA, SOMSAK (2009b) "A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 2: the T. bifurcus subgroup (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)" Zootaxa No. 2165 pp1-15
- SINCLAIR, F. G. (1901) “On the Myriapoda collected during the “Skeat Expedition” to the Malay Peninsular, 1899-1900” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 71 Part 2 pp505
- STOEV, PAVEL; ENGHOFF, HENRIK; SOMSAK PANHA; MARUT FUANGARWORN (2007) "A Second Species in the Millipede Suborder Sinocallipodidea Shear, 2000 (Diplopoda; Callipodida)" Zootaxa No. 1450 pp63-68